Women of Art History: Cara

Cara Romero. 1977-. America.
Photographer.

How many artists can you name? Chances are, you'll have named many more men than women. From the moment we are children, most of the artists and artworks we are exposed to are created by or about men. It's time to rebalance the scales and open up the artistic 'canon', introducing more women and ethnic minorities into the widely known narrative of art history. Here, I'll be trying to do just that in the style of a children's story, introducing you to one more woman from art and art history who, until now, you might not have known. 

Once upon a time, a little girl was raised on the Chemehuevi Valley Indian Reservation, California. The tribe that lived there had been nomadic residents of the Mojave Desert and the Colorado River for thousands of years, but had lost their traditional lands when the Federal government declared them public domain. The Reservation was all they were given. 


The little girl was called Cara Romero, the daughter of a Chemehuevi father and German-Irish mother. In her culture, women were taught that they had a powerful, innate strength as life givers and mothers. They were always respected as equals in their society. Her people also had a powerful bond with nature and the land. Cara began discovering her talent with a camera, snapping moments wherever she went, and telling the stories behind what she saw. 

Cara went on to study photography at both the Institute of American Indian Arts in Santa Fe and Oklahoma State University and studied cultural anthropology at the University of Houston. She wanted to make sure she had studied her craft as much as she could. Sure enough, her photography developed into beautiful, dramatic, romantic artworks. Yet, they were also very powerful responses to complex social, political issues. 


Cara
She always remembered what her tribe had taught her, that women are strong. In many of her photographs, she dealt with the interplay of femininity, Native American history and power. In one photograph, she imagined how a real Native American doll might look. As a child, Cara had played with dolls and noticed that those described as 'Indian' never reflected the dignity and richness of her culture. But in her photograph, she dressed her 'doll' in an amazing powwow dress that could jingle when she danced. This doll was not afraid to be different and embrace her culture, jingly dress and all. 

Cara Romero, 'Wakeah'

A long time ago, in 1940, the Federal authorities had taken a lot of Chemehuevi land for a dam project and covered nearly 8000 acres of traditional Nuwuvi land in water. In a triptych piece, (which means 3 photographs shown together), Cara dealt with these issues of environment and destruction. She captured Native American figures suspended underwater, perhaps discussing the suspension of their culture in America. Not allowed to flourish, but also not destroyed. In the last photograph, above the surface was an oil rig, showing how much the Western world impacted on the environment. Cara came from a tribe who so valued their land and life-giving water, and wanted to show how fragile human relations are with their environment. 

Cara Romero 'Oil Boom' 

Today, Cara has children of her own, Paris and Noel, and is married to another artist, Diego. They are living happily ever after... but also changing the world one photograph at a time, showing how rich and beautiful Native American culture is, and how powerful a message can be from just one image.  

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What Have The Arts Got To Do With Freshers Week?



Originally published on Epigram. 

As the most mellow and soothing artist of all time, Bob Ross, once said ‘you need the dark in order to show the light.’

Although he probably wasn’t thinking of Freshers’ Week when he said it, this quote can easily be applied. In the first week of Uni, there may be some highs and lows. The one thing to make sure you have more highs than lows? Well, art of course. Here’s the many ways art can guide you through the first week.

 The Art of Room Décor
Probably the most important one. Did you even take a gap year if you don’t have a tapestry hanging over your bed? Do you even have any friends if you don’t have photos of them perfectly blue-tacked on the wall? Are you even able to study if you don’t have Instagram-worthy stationery arranged on your desk at the start of term? Make sure to get this one right as it will define you forever. That’s a lie, no one pays as much attention to your bedroom as you do, and deep down you’ll know that, but it won’t stop you from Pinteresting colour schemes for weeks before hand, and asking your parents desperately if they have any old records you can display on your shelves to show you’re musically knowledgeable. 

... Winnie the Pooh pillows and Impressionist paintings are cool, right? 
The Art of Self Reinvention
This is it folks. You’ve known pretty much the same people since you were 11, and most of your friends remember the time you wet yourself in the middle of a club like a cast member on Geordie Shore. Never before have you had such an opportunity to reinvent yourself and start over. Be who you want to be. This is a fine and important art, how to present yourself exactly how you want without coming across as too try-hard. Wear frames with clear glass in them to come across as ‘bookish’. Wear fake tan every day but tell people it’s natural. Wear t-shirts with obscure band names or geographical places to seem cultured. Except on the fourth day of Freshers you’ll get smashed playing Never Have I Ever and tell all your flat mates the weeing story and all your hard work will be for nothing.

The first Never Have I Ever will reveal all. 

The Art of Fashion
You’ll spend a good few hours contemplating what to wear on the first night out, and will borrow so much from your flat mates that you all enter SWX wearing an amalgamation of everyone’s wardrobes. You’ll soon decide all the clothes you wore back home aren’t Bristol enough and you’ll head for the vintage shops on Park Street. By November, you’ll realise you’re broke and maybe £80 isn’t that reasonable for a sustainable reworked revamped vintage shirt with a hole in the pocket. Anyway, by TB2, you’ll have given up completely on looking good for Uni and you’ll have finally resorted to rolling out of bed, into your coat and out the door.



The Art of the Arts
The only thing on this list that’s actually artistic: the arts in Bristol! Get acquainted with Banksy, go to a play, drag someone to listen to a free performance on Gloucester Road. Not only will the activities make you more rounded and arty –always a good goal- but they’ll be a great way to meet people and have something to do together, other than going to Spoons. It’ll also help to know a little bit about the graffiti culture in Bristol because it’ll invariably come up at family functions when an uncle tries to come up with something they know about Bristol. Yes, it’s where the ‘Boris and Trump kissing’ mural was. Yes, I got my septum done in Pierced Up, where Banksy did a free artwork. Yes, my Dad’s gonna kill me for getting my septum done.  

The first time walking into Wills Memorial Building 

The Art of Self Love
And in amongst all of this stressing, shopping, Pinteresting and aspirational living, you’ll need to make time for the trickiest art of all, actually staying true to yourself throughout! Don’t be too hard on yourself if you can’t find your feet at first. The best bit about Freshers’ is everyone is doing exactly what you’re doing, and by the end you’ll have realised your new mates might also be artists of their own reinventions. Wait it out and you’ll see that under their £100 Fila jackets, most people are also wondering how to navigate the highs and lows.

Bob Ross also once said ‘just go out and talk to a tree. Make friends with it.’ I’d recommend maybe not doing that in Freshers’ Week.

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Women of Art History: Frances

Frances Benjamin Johnston. 1864-1952. America.
Photographer.

How many artists can you name? Chances are, you'll have named many more men than women. From the moment we are children, most of the artists and artworks we are exposed to are created by or about men. It's time to rebalance the scales and open up the artistic 'canon', introducing more women and ethnic minorities into the widely known narrative of art history. Here, I'll be trying to do just that in the style of a children's story, introducing you to one more woman from art and art history who, until now, you might not have known. 


Once upon a time, there was a little girl called Frances. She grew up in Washington DC and studied art. She became a very clever young woman and wrote a lot of articles. One day, Frances was given a camera by a family friend and she realised her true passion.

Frances began taking photographs of friends and family and practiced photography until she could set up her own photography studio. In 1894, she finally opened her studio as the only woman photographer in the whole city!

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Frances’ reputation began to spread and celebrities started wanting her to take their portraits! In the Victorian times, you couldn’t just take a selfie on your phone. Having your photo taken was really special, and cost a lot of money. Very rich people came to Frances for their official portraits which they would hang in their houses. Frances took photos of Mark Twain, a very famous writer and Booker T Washington, a very important African-American politician. Unlike other old photographs which are sometimes quite formal and boring to look at, Frances’ photos really caught the expressions and personalities of the people in front of her.

Booker T Washington, Frances Benjamin Johnston, 1895


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Mark Twain, Frances Benjamin Johnston, 1906

Frances took a photograph of Susan B Anthony who was an important women’s rights activist who also fought for the end of slavery. Frances' photo captured how strong and determined Susan had to be to be an activist for women at a time when women were not seen as equal to men. Susan even looks a bit scary in the photo, because she looks so powerful!


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Susan B Anthony, Frances Benjamin Johnston, 1900
Frances was so successful that she was appointed to be the official White House photographer which meant she took the portraits of all the Presidents. She took the official portraits of President Harrison, President Cleveland, President McKinley, President Roosevelt and President Taft. That’s a lot of Presidents! 

Even though there were no other women in the room, and all the polticians involved were men, Frances was employed to photograph major moments in American politics. She captured the moment peace was signed between America and Spain in 1898.

Signing of the Protocol, Frances Benjamin Johnston, 1898

Frances also took photos of architecture and buildings. But her photographs were special because, unlike other American photographers, she wasn’t drawn to the modern buildings and new developments. She took photos of old, dilapidated buildings, historical structures that were falling down or were going to be demolished. She wanted to capture them just before they were knocked down. 


Lots of people began to realise how important it was to document buildings before they were destroyed or collapsed. She began to be employed all over America to take photographs and record historical architecture.

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Not only was Frances great at taking other people’s photographs but she took photos of herself too. These are known as self-portraits and they were really interesting.  She took a photo of herself as a New Woman which was what modern women were called in the Victorian times. They were women who didn’t want to be controlled by men their whole lives. People thought Frances looked like a man in the portrait because she was leaning forward as if she was having a conversation. Women were normally shown as being very quiet, but Frances was showing she had a lot to say. She also lifted up her skirt to show her ankles which was really shocking! She did another portrait where she looked like a more traditional Victorian woman, dressed up in fur. Frances was showing women could be both: powerful and fashionable, they could talk and be modest. They didn’t need to be confined by rules of how they should look!

Frances Benjamin Johnston, Self-Portrait (as "New Woman"), 1896.jpg
Self Portrait as a New Woman, Frances Benjamin Johnston, 1896

Frances also supported other women who might want to become photographers. She knew the camera could be a powerful way for young women to create success for themselves. In 1897, she published an article called ‘What a Woman Can Do With a Camera.’  In it, she said that even women from poorer backgrounds could achieve success with enough passion and commitment. She said hard work would always help ‘develop small beginnings into large results.’

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Self Portrait, Frances Benjamin Johnston, 1896
Even though Frances was well known during her life, in the following centuries, her photographs have not been as famous. It is important we remember Frances for the work she did to promote female photographers and support the success of other women.

Just like the old buildings that so fascinated her, Frances bought one of the oldest houses in the oldest area of New Orleans. She lived happily ever after for the rest of her life in a beautiful historical building, surrounded by photographs.

Frances' house is New Orleans
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http://lifeofanarthistorystudent.blogspot.com/2018/09/women-of-art-history-lubaina.html

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